Granulosus Catfish (Synodontis granulosus)
Scientific Name: Synodontis granulosus
Common Name: Granulosus Catfish
Family: Mochokidae
Order: Siluriformes
Native Habitat: The Granulosus Catfish is native to Africa, specifically found in Lake Tanganyika, one of the oldest and deepest freshwater lakes in the world. This species prefers rocky habitats and sandy or muddy substrates in deeper waters. It thrives in stable water conditions with a temperature range of 75°F to 81°F (24°C to 27°C) and a pH between 7.8 and 9.0, reflecting the alkaline nature of its native environment.
Physical Characteristics
Size: The Granulosus Catfish can reach a length of 10-12 inches (25-30 cm) in captivity, making it a medium-sized catfish species. It has a robust body that tapers towards the tail, giving it a streamlined appearance.
Appearance: This catfish is highly sought after due to its striking coloration. It features a dark, almost black body covered with white or cream-colored spots, creating a bold and attractive contrast. Its smooth skin gives it a glossy appearance, and the pattern is unique to each individual.
Fins and Whiskers: The Granulosus Catfish has well-developed pectoral and dorsal fins, with a serrated spine that it can extend for defense. It also has long, sensitive barbels (whiskers) near its mouth, which it uses to navigate and detect food in its environment.
Behavior and Ecology
Feeding Habits: The Granulosus Catfish is an omnivorous bottom feeder. In the wild, it scavenges for food, including small invertebrates, detritus, and plant material. In captivity, it thrives on a varied diet of sinking pellets, frozen or live foods such as bloodworms and brine shrimp, and occasional vegetable matter. Providing a mix of protein-rich and plant-based foods ensures optimal health and coloration.
Social Behavior: This species is relatively peaceful and can coexist with other fish of similar size and temperament. However, it may become territorial if space is limited or during feeding times. It is often active during the evening and night, displaying typical nocturnal behavior.
Reproduction: Breeding the Granulosus Catfish in captivity is rare and challenging. It is believed to be an egg-layer that spawns in crevices or rocky substrates. While there are occasional reports of captive breeding, these events often require precise water conditions and a large, well-maintained setup.
Care and Maintenance in Captivity
Aquarium Setup: The Granulosus Catfish requires a spacious aquarium, with a minimum size of 75 gallons (284 liters) for adult specimens. The tank should include plenty of hiding places, such as caves, rock formations, and driftwood, to mimic its natural habitat and provide security. Fine sand or smooth gravel is the preferred substrate to protect its sensitive barbels.
Water Conditions:
- Temperature: 75°F to 81°F (24°C to 27°C)
- pH: 7.8 to 9.0 (alkaline)
- Hardness: 10-20 dGH
- Filtration: Strong filtration is necessary to maintain the pristine water quality required by this species. Regular water changes are essential to manage the bio-load and maintain stability.
Tankmates: The Granulosus Catfish is compatible with other peaceful, similarly sized fish, particularly species from Lake Tanganyika, such as cichlids. It can also coexist with other Synodontis species if adequate space and hiding spots are provided. Avoid housing it with overly aggressive or very small fish, as it may become stressed or view smaller species as prey.
Diet in Captivity: Offer a varied diet that includes sinking pellets, live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and mysis shrimp, as well as vegetable-based foods like zucchini or spinach. Feeding should take place in the evening to align with the fish’s natural nocturnal activity patterns.
Unique Traits
Striking Pattern: The Granulosus Catfish’s black body with contrasting white spots makes it a visually stunning addition to any aquarium. Its unique pattern also helps it blend into its rocky natural habitat.
Hardy and Adaptable: While it has specific water requirements, this species is generally hardy once acclimated and can adapt well to a properly maintained aquarium.
Conservation Status
IUCN Status: The Granulosus Catfish (Synodontis granulosus) is not currently listed as endangered. However, overfishing for the aquarium trade and habitat degradation in Lake Tanganyika pose potential threats to its population. Conservation efforts aimed at preserving Lake Tanganyika’s biodiversity are crucial for the survival of this and other native species.
In Summary
The Granulosus Catfish (Synodontis granulosus) is a beautiful and unique species native to Lake Tanganyika. Its striking coloration, peaceful temperament, and hardy nature make it a popular choice for advanced aquarists. This nocturnal bottom-dweller thrives in a spacious, well-maintained aquarium with alkaline water and plenty of hiding places. While it is not commonly bred in captivity, proper care and a balanced diet will allow the Granulosus Catfish to thrive and display its full beauty, making it a prized addition to any freshwater tank.
