Elongatus Piranha (Serrasalmus elongatus)

Scientific Name: Serrasalmus elongatus

Common Name: Elongatus Piranha

Family: Serrasalmidae

Order: Characiformes

Native Habitat: The Elongatus Piranha is native to the Amazon and Orinoco River basins in South America, where it inhabits slow-moving waters such as rivers, streams, and floodplains. These piranhas thrive in warm, slightly acidic to neutral waters, with temperatures between 75°F and 82°F (24°C to 28°C) and a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.

Physical Characteristics

Size: The Elongatus Piranha can grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) in length when kept in an aquarium, although in the wild, it may grow slightly larger.

Appearance: This piranha features a slender, elongated body, distinguishing it from other piranha species. It has a dark coloration around its head, creating a "mask-like" appearance. The rest of its body is typically silver or gray, with an iridescent sheen. Its mouth is large and equipped with sharp, triangular teeth, capable of tearing flesh. The fins are transparent with a slight reddish hue, and the tail is forked, enabling fast swimming.

Behavior and Ecology

Feeding Habits: Elongatus Piranhas are carnivorous predators. In the wild, they primarily feed on smaller fish, invertebrates, and occasionally plant matter. In captivity, their diet should consist of high-protein foods such as fish, shrimp, and other meat-based offerings. Frozen or live foods are ideal for maintaining their health and stimulating natural hunting behavior.

Social Behavior: These piranhas are known to be territorial, especially in smaller aquariums. In their natural habitat, they can be found in schools, providing some protection from predators. However, in captivity, it's recommended to keep them in groups of 3-5 individuals to mitigate aggression. Tankmates should be carefully selected, as smaller fish may be seen as prey.

Reproduction: Elongatus Piranhas breed during the rainy season in the wild. They lay their eggs on flat surfaces, where both the male and female guard the eggs. After hatching, the young fry remain close to the adults for protection. Breeding in captivity can be challenging, but providing the right water conditions and a high-protein diet can encourage reproduction.

Care and Maintenance in Captivity

Aquarium Setup: These piranhas require a large aquarium, preferably at least 75 gallons (285 liters), due to their active nature. The tank should include rocks, driftwood, and plants to simulate their natural environment, with plenty of hiding spots for security. Good filtration is necessary to maintain water quality, as these fish produce significant waste. Regular water changes (10-20% weekly) will help keep the environment clean.

Water Conditions:

• Temperature: 75°F to 82°F (24°C to 28°C)
• pH: 6.0 to 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
• Hardness: Soft to moderately hard water (6-12 dGH)
• Filtration: Efficient filtration is vital to keep the tank's water clean. Elongatus Piranhas are messy eaters, so a strong filter is recommended.

Tankmates: Elongatus Piranhas can be kept with other large, robust fish that can tolerate their aggressive behavior. Avoid housing them with small or peaceful species, as they may be seen as food. Suitable tankmates include other piranha species, large catfish, and cichlids that can hold their own in the aquarium.

Diet in Captivity: In captivity, Elongatus Piranhas should be fed a varied diet of high-quality carnivorous foods, such as fish, shrimp, and worms. Offering a mix of live, frozen, and pellet foods will ensure they receive a balanced diet and replicate their natural feeding habits.

Unique Traits

Elongated Body: One of the most noticeable features of the Elongatus Piranha is its long, slender body, which sets it apart from the more compact and rounder body types of other piranha species.

Black Mask: This piranha is distinguished by its dark coloration around its head, creating a "mask-like" effect, which enhances its striking appearance in the aquarium.

Conservation Status

IUCN Status: The Elongatus Piranha is not listed as endangered. However, habitat destruction, water pollution, and overfishing continue to threaten species in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. Efforts to protect these river ecosystems are essential for the survival of the Elongatus Piranha and other native species.

In Summary

The Elongatus Piranha (Serrasalmus elongatus) is an impressive and unique species, known for its elongated body and "black mask" appearance. It requires a large aquarium with warm, slightly acidic water, and a high-protein diet to thrive in captivity. While territorial and sometimes aggressive, they can be housed in schools and with other large, sturdy fish. If provided with proper care, the Elongatus Piranha makes a fascinating addition to a freshwater aquarium, offering both beauty and intrigue.